Adverse drug events (ADEs) refer to any harm experienced by a patient as a result of exposure to a medication. This harm can be caused by factors such as the medication itself, dosage errors, drug interactions, or allergic reactions. Research in this area focuses on identifying and understanding the causes and consequences of ADEs, as well as developing strategies to prevent and mitigate their occurrence. Studies may investigate the frequency and severity of ADEs, risk factors associated with their occurrence, and interventions to improve medication safety and reduce harm to patients. Ultimately, the goal of research on ADEs is to improve patient outcomes and quality of care in healthcare settings.